[Tlhingan-hol] On Translation

[Robyn Stewart]

cha' Holmey jatlh qa'naDa' net Sov, vaj potlh mughwI' 'ej pIj mughmeH
Qu'qellu'.  Hol qunmajvaD Hol tej potlh ghaH Jean-Paul Vinay'e'. qen
qechmeyDaj muchbogh wa'chaw vItu'. tlhIHvaD vImuch. Word ghItlh 'oH.

https://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&ved=0ahUKEwjD
-OCC26fLAhVO3mMKHYjPC10QFggxMAQ&url=http%3A%2F%2Fisg.urv.es%2Flibrary%2Fpape
rs%2Fvinay.doc&usg=AFQjCNHeU6VwDAol_wENamCkjL9Rd-wXQA&sig2=oDUvAeCnooLbMfRit
QmDnQ

bItaghmeH "The story begins" yInej.

DIvI' Hol lo' HochHom 'ach yajlu'chu'meH lI' je vIraS Hol. Soch mughwI' mIw
Delbogh Vinay vIQIj 'e' vInID. 

He identifies seven ways that translations are made, and distinguishes
between a word for a single thing, an expression, and a whole message. 
       
1) loan: the word is just yanked straight from one language to the other,
stopping only, if at all, to re-spell it:  tlh: 'Internet, Eng: gakh
We do this when there is no known equivalent in the other culture, and no
expectation of there being such a word.
2) calque: the words of an expression are translated literally from one
language to another, without regard to their connotation:  HIvDuj was
probably this on Marc's part. This is something that develops in a natural
language that is in contact with another. Some of the calques 'take' and
just get accepted. In Canada we struggle to name organizations and
government bodies in a way that uses words common to both languages,
sometimes stretching the grammar of both, e.g. Service Canada, not Canadian
Services or Services du Canada. I think this counts.
3) literal translation: Soj Sop SuvwI' - The warrior eats food.
4) transposition:  No Fighting - Suvlu' net tuch
5) modulation: you've made your bed, you lie in it - nuHlIj DawIvpu' vaj
yISuv
6) equivalence: bat mitzvah - nentay
7) adaptation: say a prayer for the departed - Heghtay lop

jIHvaD Daj.
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